losel



Api-n 17, 1928..y

F. LSEL ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE 2 Sheets-Shst 1 Filed March 25, 1926 1,666,626 F LSEL ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Filed March 25, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f f5 ffl;

April 17, 192s.

Patented Apr. 17, 1928.

' UNITED STATES FRANZ LSEL, OF BRUNN, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

ELASTIC-IELUID TURBINE.

Application filed March 25, 1926.

This invention relates to elastic fhii'd. tuibines particularly turbines for utilizing high pressure and high temjierature fluids.

The objects of the invention are to iinprove the turbine construction; to render saine more capable foinrelialne and sate use of high temperatures and pressures; to iiicrease the turbine reliability, security and safety; to provide means to take care Iof heat expansions during operation and for allowing stationary parts to expand freely without causing undue heat expansions, stresses and strains and withoutcausing leakage losses due thereto; to hold stationary parts in operative position :ind their joints together fluid-tight; and to relieve stationary inner turbine parts from undesii-able effects due to actions during operation. l

Other objects are to obtain relatively smail temperature differencesI between in side and outside walls of' certain carriers or supporting parts in turbines and to reduce also the pressure differences between iniiei and outer walls of these supporting parts to a relatively small amount and thus prevent unfavorable and undesirable movements during operation due io such di'fl'erences.

Th is accomplished according to the present invention by separate enclosing and cooperating means located one .within another for carrying and supporting stationaiy guide means of the turbine such as diaphragnis and nozzles within the casing and jacketing these carrying means Ain a no vel combined manner b v high pressure high temperature fluids. The fluids used fior jacketing and heating counteract the radial heat expansions of the internal stationary parts but without hindering the heat expansions of same and counteract or' tend to counteract the internal pressures within the separate carriers and tend to keep the joints selftightening and fluid-tight; the differentl carrying means being preferably jacketed7 surrounded and heated from separate enclosing outer and inner heating and pressure fluid chambers forming different enclosing outer and inner jacketing Zones or chambers for the carriers which are therefore heated and easily penetrated by heat7 the heat expansions of the different parts, therefore. 'taking place in an improved manner. The outside walls of the carrying Serial No. 97,179.

means are subjected. to somewhat higher temperatures than their inside walls, and the outer carrying parts are subjected to higher temperatures and to initial, largei and quicker expansions than the inner parts. The inner parts are, therefore, able to expand freely iito the outer parts so that all of' these parts Jfollow the movements due to heat and do not interfere therewith and the outer counteracting forces keep or tend to keep certain ot' their joints fluid-tight, thereby preventing opening and leaking at saine.

Other objects and advantages will appear hereinafter.

The invention consists in general iii the provision of separate and independent .rotor enclosing carrier bodies for supportingr and carrying stationary guide means such as the diaphragnis and nozzles preferably iii separate groups within the turbine and in siii'- i-ounding and heating the saine by fluid jackets filled with elastic fluid under pressure and in the provision of separate supporting or carrying means for the separate rotor enclosing carrier bodies, such carrier means being preferably located outside of the carrier bodies and formed by an inner casing portion which encloses the separate carrier bodies and the high temperature high pressure fluid jackets tlier'earouiid and forms with another outer casing portion an outer heating jacket or chamber filled with higher temperature fluid under pressure which surrounds the inner jackets and inner' separate rotor enclosing carrier bodies and the guide means therein.

In the drawings:

Fig. l shows a loi'igitudinal section through-and a side View of a multistage disc wheel turbine embodying an example of the invention;

Fig. 2 is aA cross section through section line :i1-a: of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the upper half oit a disc wheel turbine embodying a modification; and

Fig. 4 is a similar section showing a fui'- ther modification of the invention.

Referring to the drawings Figs. l and 2:

l is the turbine shaft, 2 the rotorivheels or rotor discs shown integral with the shaft, 3 are the diaphragme or partitions located between the rotor wheels, 4 are guide nozzles7 guide blades or guide canals provided on the diaphragins, and 5 are the rotating blade lll canals, rotating blades or moving,` buckets provided on 'the rotor Wheels. The diaphragnis and guide nozzles 4l are carried and siipported by the rotor enclosing separate carrier bodies (5 and two such carrier bodies are shown Within the turbine (Fig. l). Each carrier body (l carries a part or group olf the guide nozzles and partitions and forms with the saine separate groups oit guide means independei'it oilf each other. rlvo such separate individual diaphragm groups may be provided, as shown in Fig. l. rthe carrier bodies o lorm ring-cyliiulrical axially divided oarryiup,` means in which the guide means lit fluid-tight by means ot abut ting surliaces. The carrier bodies (3 are carried and supported by the inner casing portion 'i' and suitably con'uiutted therewith., as il'or example shown in lT i by means oft a groove t5 .tor each carrier body o and a pro jecting' rin'l-cylindrical part 9 on the outer periphery oli` each carrier body (3. l() is a, radial clearance at the outer periphery bef tween the ring-cylindrical parl; l) of each carrier body andthe bottom of the `groove I5. but the side surii'uces olf the projection l) lit tightly into the groove t. rllo obtain a better lit7 tightening means. :for example tightening rings (not shown) ot a suitable metal7 may be proi'ided in certain cases between the side surfaces of the projecthm l) und groove 5:4.

The construction of the carrier bodies l) and the casing` pai-t7 is `ejfenerally similar to that disclosed in my application iler. No. lelf G22, liled hlinfch i). 'i925 as a division ol' vmy application Ser. No. T,3.7 liled August li, i923.

il is a casingr portion lor the high pressure end oll the turbine and i2 a casing 'portieri 'for the lower pressure end7 both being connected together in a suitable manner, for example as shown in Fig. l by means ot' the radial iangres 13. The inner casing portion i' carrying and supporting.Il the carrier bodies '6 is shovvnr .integral Vwith the lower pressure end casing' portion 12. lhe portion 7 is connected with Aportion 1Q at the lower pressure end of the turbine and projects therefrom into the hi gher pressure end of the higher pressure casing part ll, but is spaced from the casing part ll and `terms thoreivitli an outer heating' and pressure chamber or jacket lll and with the carrier bodies t an ,inner separate heating and 'infes-m7 sure chamber or jacket 15. The outer cham ber or fluid space lll is iilled with high pressure fluid 'through the clearance or opening 16 provided between the high pressure end ot' the lirst diaphragm gro-up and the l'irst rotor Wheel enclosing' casing# or nozzle portion on the high pressure casing 1l, and the inner chamber l5 is lilled with high pressure fluid but of lower pressure than in the space lll through the clearance or opening` 17 between 'the carrier bodies (S. The fluid in the outer eylindricalpart or gland member.

messes nozzles 2O for admission to the turbine.`

Preferably the turbine is constructed Afor full admission or admission oli' the elastic fluid to the canals around the Whole periphery. 2l is the discharge chamber or outlet space and 22 a discharge or outlet pipe leading` fluid :from the turbine lor further use. The turbine is shown. as a high pressiufe back. pressure turbine and 'the discharge pipe 22 may lead to a further turbine (not shown) 'lor utilizing the buck pressure [luid therein. 225 the high pressure turbine gland; .Zei the gland on the lower pressure side of the turbine, and 2' are the bearings for the rotor. 26 is a lagging and in certain eases insulating means (not shown) may also be pro vided. The guide nozzles il between the diaphraegms E and. carrier bodies 6 are shown as separate individual blade or nozzle elements provided on the outer periphery of the diaphragms 23, the guide canals in these nozzle elements being` )ne'liera bly YFormed by niacl'iiuing;l or milling.

ly the novel method and coniibiued structure of carrying stationary guide means such il H nozzles and diapliragrns in separate individual groups by separate indeliieudi, rotor enclosing; carrier bodies and carryingiuul supporting these individliuil carrier bodies and the guide means or groups oi" individual guide means 'therein by separate carrying` and supporting` means outside tl'iereof `but Within the turbine casing and locating; these dilierent carriers one' in another, forming and connecting` saine so that they are free to expand due to heat. and further by the pro vision oi1 inner and outer heating and pres sure chambers enclosing the di.h"'ei'e1it individual carriers and 'lor-nung on the outside and inside ot the oiiiter carrier means fluid heating` and pressure chambers, a very favorable turbine structure is obtained `for rel iable and salie use and utilization oli high pressure and high temperature elastic fluid. rlChereby are also seeured the advantages of an almost equal.temperature and relatively` small pressure dillerence between the inner und outer Walls of the carrying; means so that the relative movements or the displacing.; o'l' parts, dangerous for the turbine, do not take place due to heat expansions or pressure iniiuences.

The high pressure endk casing; 1l may be an axially undivided easing portion, in which is provided the high pressure gland portion 9,7 on the high pressure end thereof as 'shown in Figs. l and The high pressure gland portion 2i" forms an axially divided or split rlhe end loo lill

lill

casing portion 12 on the lower pressure end, the carrier portion 7 connected therewith, and the carrier bodies 6 and diaphragms 3 therewithin are axially divided or split. The casingportions 11 and 12 are provided with the radial flanges 13 forming an abutting radial joint 29 and both are connected by suitable connecting or fastening means, for instance connecting screws (not shown). 28 is a shoulder on the lower pressure casing portion 12 for the higher pressure casing portion 11. The high pressure casing portion 1l. is preferably made of a material of relatively high tensile strength, for example of wrought iron, steel or boiler plate etc. and may be made or assembled iu certain cases of a plurality of parts as shown in Fig. 1. The axially divided low pressure casing is preferably made of a suitable cast metal, for instance cast iron, cast steel etc.

Figure 3 shows three separate individual diaphragm groups within an outer cylindrical carrier part 'i' of the lower pressure end casing portion 12. @ne of the diaphragms 3 in Veach group forms the carrier body for the other guide means in the same group. Each of these combined diaphragm and carrier bodies is provided with a projecting ring-cylindrical part S which fits into the groove 9 of the carrying part 7, substantially as shown in Fig. l; The diaphragms El in each group are connected with the corresponding carrier body 3 by suitable connect ing or fastening means such as bolts or screws 30.

15 and l5 are two separate heating and pressure spaces or chambers within the. outer carrier cylinder 7, filled by fluid under different pressures through the clearances or spaces 17. 17 between the diaphragm groups. The separate inner heating and pressure chambers l5, 15 are surrounded by the outer heating and pressure chamber 14 filled by fluid under higher pressure than exists within the inner pressure chambers.

The 'fastening' or connecting means be. tween the high pressure casing portion 11 and lower pressure casing portion 1Q are formed by a screw connection provided on the outer periphery of the iaugelike portions t3. 3l is the large female connecting screw around the flanges 13. rlhe connecting screw 3l and the flanges 13 are preferably provided with right hand and left hand screw threads for connecting the abutting parts. Other coupling means may be used in certain cases. In the joint 29 between the abutting flanges 13 are provided tightening means 32.

in Fig. Llthe last diaphragm '3 of each separate individual diaphragm group forms the carrier body for the other diaphragms 3 in the same group. The carrier diaphragm 3 forms a ring-cylindrical rotor enclosing portion G which projects from the last diaphragm in each sepa 'ate group towards the higher pressure end of the same group and encloses the other diaphragme 3 of the saine group and carries and supports same. The jnojecting part C for carrying each diaphragm group is located ou orfnear the rear or lower pressure end of each group, so that the heat-ing and pressure chambers are located only or mostly on the higher pressure lend of each group and filled with fluid from the high pressure end thereof'. The higher pressure diaphragm group within the. carrier T is surrounded and heated only by the fluid in space lev lilled from the high pressure end of this group.

rlhe outer carrier 'i' is subjected to the pressures and temperatures of the fluids in the chambers 15, 15 and 14 located on the inside and outside thereof respectively.

The screw coupling bl connecting the high pressure and low pressure. casing portions has a shoulder 32 by which the lower pressure casing portion '12 is drawn or pressed against the high pressure casing portion ll. By provision of such coupling means with a shoulder in certain cases the screw thread on the lower pressure casing portion may bc dispensed with if the, screw thread connection on the high pressure casing portion ll and the shoulder 32 sntlice to obtain a suitable connection.

By the provision of a separate axiallyv midivided high pressure end casing portion ll and of a separate axially divided lower pressure end casing` portion 12 and `by connecting the radial abutting joint Q9 or flangesv 13 in a suitable manner a favorable high pressure and high temperature turbine construction is secured.

The high pressure casing end portion 11 may be made preferably of a n'laterial ot' high tensile strength such as steel, wrought; iron or any other i'olletl,"t`o1-ged or pressed material of suitable quality, such as boiler plate. The low pressure end casing portion l2 may be made of a suitable cast 4metal such as cast steel, cast iron, a cast-steel-castiron mixture etc. as sta-ted above. Such casing portions may consist of a. plurality of portions riveted together or each may be forged or pressed from a single piece. Also the diaphragms and carrier bodies may be connected in any suitable manner. Although the diaphragms and nozzle canals may be cast or made in any other suitable way. preferably separate nozzles are milled or machined, and used for connecting the carriers and diaphragms. itl-ach of the carrier bodies may be also made of a plurality of parts suitably assembled.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

l. In a high pressure elastic fluid turbine, the combination of an outer casing portion,

llU

an inner casing portion spaced from said outer casing portion so as to form a steam chamber therebetween, a separate carrier body therewithin carried and enclosed by said inner casingportion said. carrier body forming with the inner casing a steam 4chainber and stationary diaphragins with nozzle canals carried and supported .by said carrier body.

2. ln a high pressure elastic fluid turbine, the combination of an outer casing portion, an inner easing portion, a fini-d chainber therebetween, separate carrier bodies carried and supported by said inner casing portion, a Huid chamber between said carrier bodies and inner casing portion, and guide ineens carried by said carrier bodies.

3. In a `high pressure elastic "Huid turbine, the combination ,of an .outer c sing portion, an, .inner casing portion `suitably connected at its lower pressure end with said outer casing portion .but free yat its higher pressure end., .and providing a `iiuid chamber between the saine and said outer ca sing portion, a separate Ycarriercarried and supported by said inner casing. portion and providing a fluid chamber or space between the saine and said inner casing portion, and diapliiraguasl provided with guide nozzles within said carrier.

4. In a highpressure lelastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing portion for fthe high pressure end, a casing `portion for the lower pressure end having a. portion projecting therefrom into `said high pressure casing portion towards the high pressure end thereof but spaced therefrom to forni a high pressure steam chamber, separate carrying bodies carried and supported within the casing for the .lower pressure end said separate carrying bodies forming annular steam chambers `within the low pressure casing and around the carrier bodies, and diaphragme provided with guide nozzle canals carried and supported by said carrying bodies.

5. In an elastic Huid turbine, `the .combination of `a casing portion for the high pressure end, a kcasing portion for the low p1 essure end having a separa-ting part projecting into `said high pressure casingportiofn but spaced therefrom vto forni a high pressure fluid chamber, separate guide-ineans-c:rrrying bodies supported and carried said `part projecting into said high pressure casing, and guide means supported ,and carried by said separate carrying bodies, a separate fluid chamber being `formed between said separate carrying bodies and said separating part.

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing `portion for `the high pressure end, a casingportion for the low pressure lend haring a separating part projecting` into said high pressure end `casing portion weones toward the high pressure end, separa-te carriers supported .and carried by the separating part, and guide pineans `including diaphraglns ycarnied by said separate carriers, there being at 1least one fluidrhainber between-said separate carriers and said sepa-` rating part.

7. Inxan elastic fluid turbine,ithe .eoinbinai by the latter, and diaphragme provided with guide nozzle canals carried and supported by said separate carrying bodies, a separate fluid chamber being formed between said projecting easing .portion and .said separate carrying bodies.

8. ln an elastic ,fluid turbine, the combination of a. casing por on for the high pressure end., a. easingportion for .the lowk presend having a portion projecting therefrom into said high pressure casing portion towards the high pressure end thereof but spaced therefrom to .form an outer high pressure Huid chamber around said project. casing portion, ,separate `.carrjning bodies carried ,and supported by the latter, and -diaphragins provided with ,guide nozzie canals .carried and supported by said separate carrying bodies, u. separate .inner fluid chamber being provided between said projecting `casing portion and said separate carry-ing bodies, and said outer and inner fluid `chambers being so located inside and outside of said projecting casing portion that one surrounds the other'. y

9. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a easing portion for the high pressure end, a .casing portion for the low pressure end bari-nga portion projecting `therefroin into said high pressure leasing portion towards the high pressure end ther-.cof but spaced therefrom rto for-m a. high pressure fluid chamber `around said projecting` casing portion, separate carrying bodies .carried and supported by .the latter, diaphragme provided with guide nozzle canals carried and supported by said separate carrying bodies, a separate fluid chamber being provided between said projecting casing portion and said separa-te carrying bodies, at least one of the fluid chambers being at the `outside wall and at least another one at the inside wall of said projectingcasing pont-ion and said rlatter fluid chamber being surrounded by said outer a'iuid chamber.

l0. In an `elastic iiuid turbine, the cornbination .of `a casing portion for the high pressure end, ,a icasing portion for the low pressure end having a `portion projecting therefrom into said high pressure casing portion towari'ls the high pressure end thereof but spaced therefrom to form an outer fluid chamber around said project-ing casing portion, separate carrying bodies carried and supported by the latter. and diaphragms proridedwith guide nozzle canals carried and supported by said separate carrying bodies. a separate ,inner fluid chamber being provided between said projecting casing portion and said separate carrying bodies, and the stationary diaiihragms carried at the high pressure end of the firs*` carrier. body within said projecting easing portion being surrounded by said outer fluid chamber.

l1. In bination an elastic Huid turbine, the com of a casing port-ion for the high pressure end, a easing portion for the low pressure end having a portion projecting therefrom into said high pressure casing port-ion towards `the high pressure end thereof but spaced therefrom to form an outer fluid chamber around said projecting casing portion, separate carrying bodies carried and supported by said projecting casing portion, and diaphragms provided with guide nozzle canals carried and supported Iby said separate carrying bodies, a separato .pressure end, a casing'` portion for the low pressurel end having a portion projecting therefrom` into said high' pressure casing portion towards the high pressure end thereof butspaced therefrom forming an outer fluid chamber around said projecting portion and open at the high pressure end, and separate carrier bodies carried and supported .by saidI projecting portion7 at least vone inner fluid chamber being formed therebetween, and kdiaphragms provided with guide nozzle canals carried and supported by said carrying bodies to form separate indi-- vidual diaphragm groups, one surrounded at the high pressure end by said outer fluid chamber and another group by said separate inner fluid chamber whichin turn is snr rounded by the outer fluid chafinber.

13. In an elastic fluid turbine, the. combination of a casing portion for the'high pressure end. a casing portion for the low pressure end having a carrying portion projecting` therefrom into said `high pressure ca sing portion towards the high pressure end thereof but .spaced therefrom to forni a fluid chamber around said projecting portion open at the high pressure end, separate carrier bodies carried and supported by said projecting carrying portion. and diaphragms provided with guide .nozzle canals carried and supported by said carrying bodies in separate individual. diaphragm groups, one of said groups being surrounded at the high pressure end by said outer fluid chamber and the following group by at least another separate .inner fluid chamber located within said projecting portion which is surrounded by the outer fluid chamber and a carrier body for such a diaphragm group being formed by one of the diaphragms of said group.

ist. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casingrportion for the high pressure end, a` casing portion Y|`or the low pressure end having a carrying portion pro-- jccting therefrom into said high pressure casing portion towards the hi gli pressure end thereof but spaced therefrom to forni a fluid chamber around said projecting portion and open at the high pressure end, separate carrier bodies carried and supported by said projecting carrying portion, and diaplu'agms provided with guide nozzle canals carried and supported by said carrying bodies forming` separate individual diaphragm groups, one of said groupsI being surrounded at the high pressure end by said outer fluid chamber and the following group by at least another separate inner fluid chamber located within said projecting portion which is sur rounded by the outer fluid chamber and a carrier body for such a diaphragm group being .formed by one of the diaphragms of said group and fluid-tight connected with the other diaphragms of the same group as well as carrying and supporting saine inde- `pendently of other groups.

l5. In an elastic fluid turbine. the combination of. a casing portion for the high pressure end, a. casing portion for the low pressure end having a carrying portion projecting therefrom into said high pressure casing portion towards the high pressure end thereof but spaced therefrom to form a fluid chamber around said iin'ojecting portion o pen at the high pressure end. separate carrier bodies carried and supported by said projecting carrying portion. diaphragms provided. with guide nozzle canals carried and supported by said carrying bodies and forming separate individual diaphragm groups. one of said groups being surrounded at thehigh pressure end b v said outer fluid chamber and the following group by at least another separate inner fluid chamber located within said projecting portion sur rounded by the outer fluid chamber and a carrier body for such a diaphragm group form ay high pressure steam ehamber therebetween, supporting diaphragm carrier bodies disposed within the rotor-enclosing easing and supported therefrom by means ot radially adjustable connections and a steam chamber being formed between said carrier bodies and the rotor-enelosing easing.

25. In a high pressure elastic fluid turbine the Combination of an outer casing, an inner easing disposed coneentrieally Within and spaced from the'outer easing to torni a high pressure Huid chamber therebetween`r a separate high pressure diaphragm carrier body disposed within and carried by said inner easing, said diaphragm Carrier being spaced from the inner easing to form a steam chamber therebetween and being supported therefrom by means of a uid tight connection permitting radial relative movements between the parts, and diaphragms carried by said separate carrier body.

Q6. In a high pressure elastie fluid turbine thel combination of an outer easing, an inner easingdisposed eoneentrieally within and spaced from the outer easingi to form a high pressure fluid ehamber therebetween, a sepa,- rate diaphragm carrier body disposed within and carried by said inner easing, said carrier body being supported from the inner easing by means of a fluid tight connection permittingr radial relative movements between the two parts, and diaphragins carried by said separate carrier body.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

FRANZ LsEL. 

